(3) Prudence

Prudence is the knowledge of what is good, what is bad and what is neither good nor bad. Its parts are memory, intelligence, foresight (memoria, intelligentia, providentia). Memory is the faculty by which the mind recalls what has happened. Intelligence is the faculty by which it ascertains what is. Foresight is the faculty by which it is seen that something is going to occur before it occurs. Cicero, De inventione, II, liii, 160 (trans. H. M. Hubbell in the Loeb edition), cited by Frances Yates in The Art of Memory (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1966), p. 20.

SI PRVDENS ESSE CVPIS, IN FVTVRVM PROSPECTVM OSTENDE, ET QUAE POSSVNT CONTINGERE, ANIMO TVO CUNCTA PROPONE. If you wish to be prudent, think of the future, and put your mind to all possible contingencies. The print is no. 136 in René van Bastelaer, The Prints of Pieter Bruegel The Elder, Catalogue Raisonné (San Francisco: Alan Wofsy Fine Arts, 1992), p. 182; the translation is by Kay Cashman.